Business Studies in Grade 12 consolidates and extends learners’ understanding of the business world by focusing on advanced concepts, strategic decision-making and the integration of all major business functions. The subject emphasises critical areas such as business strategies, corporate social responsibility, investment calculations, human resource management, quality management systems, and the impact of contemporary socio-economic and legislative factors on business operations. Through in-depth analysis, case studies and problem-solving activities, learners develop the ability to evaluate business situations, propose informed solutions and apply theoretical knowledge to real-world contexts. Grade 12 Business Studies prepares learners for the National Senior Certificate examinations and equips them with the competence, confidence and insight needed for tertiary studies, entrepreneurship or entry into the professional working environment.